Peguis First Nation (formerly St. Peter's Band, oj, Oshki-ishkonigan meaning ''new reserve'') is the largest

First Nations First Nations or first peoples may refer to: * Indigenous peoples, for ethnic groups who are the earliest known inhabitants of an area. Indigenous groups *First Nations is commonly used to describe some Indigenous groups including: **First Natio ...

community in

Manitoba Manitoba ( ) is a Provinces and territories of Canada, province of Canada at the Centre of Canada, longitudinal centre of the country. It is Canada's Population of Canada by province and territory, fifth-most populous province, with a population o ...

Canada Canada is a country in North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering over , making it the world's second-largest country by tot ...

, with a population of approximately 10,300 people (3,521 on reserve and 6,504 off reserve). The members of Peguis are of

Saulteaux The Saulteaux (pronounced , or in imitation of the French pronunciation , also written Salteaux, Saulteau and other variants), otherwise known as the Plains Ojibwe, are a First Nations band government in Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Al ...

(Ojibway) and

Cree The Cree ( cr, néhinaw, script=Latn, , etc.; french: link=no, Cri) are a Indigenous peoples of the Americas, North American Indigenous people. They live primarily in Canada, where they form one of the country's largest First Nations in Canada ...

descent. The main

reserve Reserve or reserves may refer to: Places * Reserve, Kansas, a US city * Reserve, Louisiana, a census-designated place in St. John the Baptist Parish * Reserve, Montana, a census-designated place in Sheridan County * Reserve, New Mexico, a US vi ...

, Peguis 1B, is located approximately 196 kilometres north of

Winnipeg Winnipeg () is the capital and largest city of the province of Manitoba in Canada. It is centred on the confluence of the Red and Assiniboine rivers, near the longitudinal centre of North America. , Winnipeg had a city population of 749,6 ...

. The reserve is currently located about 170 km northwest of the original reserve (called St. Peter's). It was moved to its present location in 1907 after an illegal land transfer. The First Nation is named after Peguis, the chief who led a band of Saulteaux people from present-day

Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario Sault Ste. Marie ( ) is a city in Ontario, Canada. It is at the St. Mary's River on the Canada–US border. It is the third largest city in Northern Ontario, after Sudbury and Thunder Bay. The Ojibwe, the indigenous Anishinaabe inhabitants ...

, area to a Cree settlement at

Netley Creek Netley, officially referred to as Netley Abbey, is a village on the south coast of Hampshire, England. It is situated to the south-east of the city of Southampton, and flanked on one side by the ruins of Netley Abbey and on the other by the R ...

, Manitoba, and later to present-day

East Selkirk East Selkirk is a community of 675 (2016 Census) in the Rural Municipality (RM) of St. Clements in the Canadian province of Manitoba. It is directly across the Red River from Selkirk, Manitoba. The village of East Selkirk is connected to Win ...

, Manitoba.

History

Chief Peguis and his

Band Band or BAND may refer to: Places *Bánd, a village in Hungary *Band, Iran, a village in Urmia County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran * Band, Mureș, a commune in Romania *Band-e Majid Khan, a village in Bukan County, West Azerbaijan Province, I ...

settled in an area north of present-day Selkirk in the late 1700s. Their history is documented in journals of the

Hudson's Bay Company The Hudson's Bay Company (HBC; french: Compagnie de la Baie d'Hudson) is a Canadian retail business group. A fur trading business for much of its existence, HBC now owns and operates retail stores in Canada. The company's namesake business div ...

, the Lord Selkirk settlers, and the

Church Missionary Society The Church Mission Society (CMS), formerly known as the Church Missionary Society, is a British mission society working with the Christians around the world. Founded in 1799, CMS has attracted over nine thousand men and women to serve as mission ...

. Peguis and other chiefs signed the Selkirk Treaty in 1817. The treaty allocated land along the

Red Red is the color at the long wavelength end of the visible spectrum of light, next to orange and opposite violet. It has a dominant wavelength of approximately 625–740 nanometres. It is a primary color in the RGB color model and a secondar ...

and

Assiniboine River The Assiniboine River (''; french: Rivière Assiniboine'') is a river that runs through the prairies of Western Canada in Saskatchewan and Manitoba. It is a tributary of the Red River of the North, Red River. The Assiniboine is a typical meand ...

s to Lord Selkirk and his settlers for an annual rent of tobacco. On 3 August 1871, Peguis' son Mis-Koo-Kinew (or

Henry Prince Henry Prince was an Australian politician. He was a merchant, living in Sydney by 1851. He also had squatting interests, and was a partner in a Sydney mercantile firm. From 1858 to 1861 he served on the New South Wales Legislative Council. ...

) signed

Treaty 1 ''Treaty 1'' (also known as the "Stone Fort Treaty") is an agreement established on August 3, 1871, between the Imperial Crown of Great Britain and Ireland and the Anishinabe and Swampy Cree nations. The first of a series of treaties called the ...

on behalf of the St. Peter's Band, the name of the Peguis First Nation at the time.Peguis First Nation - Treaty Land Entitlement
/ref> Treaty 1 specified that Peguis would be given of land for each family of five people. In 2008, Peguis First Nation announced the finalization of a

land claim A land claim is defined as "the pursuit of recognized territorial ownership by a group or individual". The phrase is usually only used with respect to disputed or unresolved land claims. Some types of land claims include aboriginal land claims, A ...

s settlement with the federal

Government of Canada The government of Canada (french: gouvernement du Canada) is the body responsible for the federal administration of Canada. A constitutional monarchy, the Crown is the corporation sole, assuming distinct roles: the executive, as the ''Crown ...

. The claim is for land which was surrendered near Selkirk in 1907.Manitoba native band finalizing largest-ever single compensation claim
CBC, May 23, 2008. Louis stevenson

Reserves

Peguis First Nation consists of ten

s: 1075 Portage Ave - Winnipeg, Peguis 1B, Peguis 1C, Peguis 1D, Peguis 1E, Peguis 1F, Pegius 1G, Peguis 1H, Peguis 1I and St. Peters Fishing Station 1A.Peguis
, Aboriginal Communities Website. The reserves of Peguis total 30657.2 hectares (75755.6 acres) in area. The largest settlement, which lies on the main reserve (1B), is also named Peguis, Manitoba, and is located at . The main reserve lies adjacent to the northern borders of the

Rural Municipality of Fisher Fisher is a List of rural municipalities in Manitoba, rural municipality in the province of Manitoba in Western Canada. Communities *Broad Valley *Fisher Branch, Manitoba, Fisher Branch *Fisherton *Hodgson, Manitoba, Hodgson *Poplarfield *Sylvan ...

. 1A is at the closest Lake Winnipeg access point near Peguis, the others are located near Selkirk, East Selkirk, Libau and in Winnipeg.

Media

The Peguis First Nation operates a

community radio Community radio is a radio service offering a third model of radio broadcasting in addition to commercial and public broadcasting. Community stations serve geographic communities and communities of interest. They broadcast content that is popular ...

station, CJFN-FM 102.7.

Floods

2009

On 24 March 2009, Peguis First Nation along with Roseau River First Nation, Sioux Falls, St. Andrews, St. Clements and Selkirk, Manitoba, experienced a

hydrological Hydrology () is the scientific study of the movement, distribution, and management of water on Earth and other planets, including the water cycle, water resources, and environmental watershed sustainability. A practitioner of hydrology is calle ...

flood. The total cost of flood in the region was 40,000,000. 3,000 people were evacuated in the region. It was listed on the Canadian Disaster database.

2010

Heavy rain and high winds in the

Interlake Region The Interlake Region is an informal geographic region of the Canadian province of Manitoba that lies roughly between Lake Winnipeg and Lake Manitoba in the Canadian province of Manitoba. The region comprises 14 rural municipalities, one city (th ...

of Manitoba from 1 to 5 July 2010, caused flooding and evacuation of Peguis First Nation’s 250 residents. Approximately 300 homes on-reserve were damaged and several roads washed out. Most residents were temporarily relocated to Winnipeg and a few near

Fisher River Cree Nation Fisher River ( cr, ᐅᒉᑯ ᓰᐱᐩ, ocêko-sîpiy) is a Cree First Nations reserve located approximately 193 km north of Manitoba's capital city, Winnipeg. The Fisher River Cree Nation is composed of two reserves; Fisher River 44 and F ...

2011

By February 2011, Peguis First Nation were meeting with Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development officials about controlling mould in the 75 homes damaged by flooding. In March 2011, as community piled sandbags in flood preparations, the Peguis First Nation's emergency measures co-ordinator, said Peguis First Nation experienced two major floods since 2009.

Preparation

In 2013, AANDC invested more than $4 million to Peguis First Nation for long-term flood proofing as part of a 2010 commitment to protect 75 homes.

Notable people

Marcia Anderson DeCouteau Marcia may refer to: People * Marcia (given name) *James Marcia, Canadian psychologist *Stefano Marcia (born 1993), South African Olympic sailor Other uses * ''Marcia'' (Beccafumi), a c. 1519 painting by Domenico Beccafumi * ''Marcia'' (bivalve ...

, former president of the Indigenous Physicians Association of Canada *

Amy Clemons Amy is a female given name, sometimes short for Amanda, Amelia, Amélie, or Amita. In French, the name is spelled ''"Aimée"''. People A–E * Amy Acker (born 1976), American actress * Amy Vera Ackman, also known as Mother Giovanni (1886–1 ...

, a founding member of the first Indian & Metis Friendship Centre in Canada, recipient of the Order of Canada *

Trevor Greyeyes Trevor ( Trefor in the Welsh language) is a common given name or surname of Welsh origin. It is an habitational name, deriving from the Welsh ''tre(f)'', meaning "homestead", or "settlement" and ''fawr'', meaning "large, big". The Cornish langu ...

, writer, journalist, editor *

Linden McCorrister Linden may refer to: Trees * ''Tilia'' (also known as lime and basswood Basswood), a genus ** American linden, a common name for ''Tilia americana'' ** Large-leaved linden, a common name for ''Tilia platyphyllos'' ** Little-leaf linden, a common ...

, hockey player, Brandon Wheat Kings *

Cheryl McKenzie Cheryl McKenzie is a Canadians, Canadian broadcast journalist, and the Director of News and Current Affairs for the APTN National News. She is of Anishinabek and Cree descent. She is best known as the host of the Aboriginal People's Television Net ...

, journalist for APTN * Renae Morriseau, actress, storyteller, director *

Nile Expedition The Nile Expedition, sometimes called the Gordon Relief Expedition (1884–85), was a British mission to relieve Major-General Charles George Gordon at Khartoum, Sudan. Gordon had been sent to the Sudan to help Egyptians evacuate from Sudan af ...

boatmen; Adam Cochrane, Alex Cochrane, Richard Henderson, John Pratt, Thomas Pratt, William Prince, George Settee *

Shirley Olson Shirley may refer to: Arts and entertainment *Shirley (novel), ''Shirley'' (novel), an 1849 novel by Charlotte Brontë *Shirley (1922 film), ''Shirley'' (1922 film), a British silent film *Shirley (2020 film), ''Shirley'' (2020 film), an American ...

, a co-founder of the Original Women's Network, an Executive Director of the Assembly of Manitoba Chiefs, lawyer, community activist, an organizer of

Peace Village (Winnipeg, Manitoba) The Peace Village in Winnipeg, Winnipeg, Manitoba, was a peace camp set up by Indigenous peoples in Canada, Indigenous activists in front of the Manitoba Legislative Building, provincial Legislative Building in 1990. Established on 1 September 199 ...

Tommy Prince Thomas George Prince MM SSM (October 25, 1915 – November 25, 1977) was an Indigenous Canadian war hero and the most decorated soldier in the First Special Service Force or Devil's Brigade during World War II. He was Canada's most decorated ...

, soldier * William Prince, singer-songwriter *

Bill Shead Bill(s) may refer to: Common meanings * Banknote, paper cash (especially in the United States) * Bill (law), a proposed law put before a legislature * Invoice, commercial document issued by a seller to a buyer * Bill, a bird or animal's beak Plac ...

, former mayor of Selkirk Manitoba, first CEO of Aboriginal Centre of Winnipeg *

Murray Sinclair Calvin Murray Sinclair, (born Mizanay (Mizhana) Gheezhik; January 24, 1951) is a former member of the Canadian Senate and First Nations in Canada, First Nations lawyer who served as chairman of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (Canada), ...

, senator in the Canadian parliament, Chair of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, former Manitoba provincial court judge *

Rosa Walker Rosa or De Rosa may refer to: People *Rosa (given name) *Rosa (surname) *wiktionary:Santa_Rosa, Santa Rosa (female given name from Latin-a latinized variant of Rose) Places *223 Rosa, an asteroid *Rosa, Alabama, a town, United States *Rosa, Ger ...

, founder of the Indigenous Leadership Development Institute *

Joshua Whitehead Joshua Whitehead is a Canadian First Nations, two spirit poet and novelist. An Oji-Cree member of the Peguis First Nation in Manitoba,Kona Williams Kona Williams (born ) is a forensic pathologist, the first First Nations in Canada, First Nations person in that profession in Canada. The daughter of Gordon Williams, a Cree from Peguis First Nation in Manitoba, and Karen Jacobs-Williams, a Mohawk ...

, first Indigenous Canadian forensic pathologisthttps://www.thestar.com/news/insight/2016/09/25/meet-canadas-first-aboriginal-forensic-pathologist.html The Star. "Meet Canada's first aboriginal forensic pathologist". Katie Daubs. Sept. 25, 2016.

References

External links

Peguis First Nation

{{Authority control Interlake Reserves Tribal Council First Nations governments in Manitoba Saulteaux Cree governments